GeoGebra Math Apps are designed with accessibility in mind! Compatible with screen readers and keyboard-only navigation, our apps meet Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) 2.1 level AA standards.
On this page, you will find information on the following accessibility topics:
Screen Readers
For the best experience, we recommend using one of the following setups:
- Chrome browser with NVDA or JAWS
- Safari or Chrome browser with VoiceOver
💡 To make sure you hear exactly what you type, set your screen reader to announce every character:
- NVDA: Preferences → Settings → Keyboard → ☑ Speak typed characters
- Jaws: Utilities → Settings Center → Typing Echo → ☑ Characters
- VoiceOver: Utility → Verbosity → Text → While typing speak: Characters
Keyboard Navigation
💡 Use Tab and Shift + Tab as your main navigation keys. The arrow keys are reserved for moving objects in the 2D coordinate plane, moving the coordinate plane, and changing values. Cycling through the menu items will still work using the arrow keys.
| Windows / Mac OS | Action |
| Tab | Navigate the Calculator, select next object |
| Shift + Tab | Navigate the Calculator backwards, select previous object |
| Space | Press buttons, open / close menus, toggle menu items. When a number (slider) is selected, space will start / stop the animation of the slider. |
| Enter | Edit objects, confirm input |
| Arrows |
Increase and decrease the value of sliders, move points and other objects up and down, left and right. Inside menus: cycle through menu items |
|
Win: Ctrl + Arrows |
x10 speed multiplier Increase and decrease values, move objects 10 times faster |
| Shift + Arrows | x0.1 speed multiplier Increase and decrease values, move objects 10 times slower |
| Win: Alt + Arrows Mac: Option + Arrows |
x100 speed multiplier |
| Plus or Minus | Move points along paths |
| Menu key or Shift + F10 | Open context menus |
| Backspace or Delete | Delete selected object |
| Ctrl + A, then Delete | Delete all objects (to clear calculator) |
| Escape | Leave the Calculator |
Keyboard Shortcuts
| Windows / Mac OS | Action |
| Ctrl + Shift + A | Show / Hide Algebra Window |
| Ctrl + Shift + 1 | Show / Hide Graphics Window |
| Ctrl + Shift + U | Show / Hide Table Window |
| Ctrl + D | Toggle value / definition / command view in Algebra Window |
| / | Show / Hide selected object |
| Ctrl + Z | Undo Note: works only if Undo / Redo is enabled in App configuration |
|
Ctrl + Y or Ctrl + Shift + Z |
Redo Note: works only if Undo / Redo is enabled in App configuration |
| Ctrl + Minus | Zoom out Note: works only if Zoom is enabled in App configuration |
| Ctrl + Plus | Zoom in Note: works only if Zoom is enabled in App configuration |
| F3 | Copy definition of selected object to the Input Bar |
| F4 | Copy value of selected object to the Input Bar |
| F5 |
Copy name of selected object to the Input Bar |
Algebra Input
💡 All functions available on the on-screen keyboard can be easily accessed using your physical keyboard. Enter your number, calculation, function, or equation into the Input Bar and press Enter to confirm.
GeoGebra Input Bar
Simple Input
Try the following examples and experience a smooth and user-friendly input behaviour:| Input | Result |
| 2 | will create a slider so that you can change this number easily |
| 3 + 5 | will calculate 3 + 5 and output 8 |
| 1 / 4 | will create the fraction \(\frac{1}{4}\) |
| x^2 | will create the quadratic function \(x^2\) and show it in the Graphing Window |
All your inputs will be labeled automatically. If you prefer, you can also enter labels yourself:
| Input | Result |
| a = 2 | will create a slider so that you can change this number easily |
| b = 3 + 5 | will calculate 3 + 5 and output 8 |
| c = 1 / 4 | will create the fraction \(\frac{1}{4}\) |
| f(x) = x^2 | will create the quadratic function \(x^2\) and show it in the Graphing Window |
You can use these labels to re-use values and functions associated with them:
| Input | Result |
| f + b | will output \(x^2 + 8\), and add a new label g(x) |
💡 Press Enter on your keyboard to edit an existing row in the Algebra Window.
Advanced Input
When typing more advanced expressions using exponents, fractions or similar, there are a few things to keep in mind:
Brackets and Expressions
GeoGebra has a syntax help, which adds unvisible brackets in the background. The cursor stays within an expression until the expression is closed by typing a bracket or pressing the Right Arrow key.
Press the Right Arrow key to move the cursor out of the exponent or fraction and back in line. Here are some examples:
| Input | Expression | Note |
| x ^ 2 + 1 | \(x^{2+1}\) | Cursor stays in the exponent. |
| x ^ 2 <Right Arrow> + 1 | \(x^2+1\) | Pressing the Right Arrow key will move the cursor out of the exponent. |
| 1 / 4 + x | \(\frac{1}{4+x}\) | Cursor stays in the denominator. |
| 1 / 4 <Right Arrow> + x | \(\frac{1}{4}+x\) | Pressing the Right Arrow key will move the cursor out of the denominator. |
💡You can also use the right bracket to get out of an exponent, fraction or similar.
💡 When using brackets, the close bracket will be added automatically. You can still type it, which will replace the automatic one. Or you can navigate past it by pressing the Right Arrow key.
Spaces and Multiplications
GeoGebra interprets spaces as multiplications. That's why in some cases it will make a difference if you add a space to your expression, especially if you paste it into GeoGebra. Here are some examples:
| Pasted Expression | Input | Note |
| 1/8*pi | (1/8)*pi | GeoGebra follows the order of operations, which means pi is not part of the denominator. |
| 1/8 pi | (1/8)*pi | GeoGebra interprets the space before pi as a multiplication, which results in the same input as above. |
| 1/8pi | 1/(8*pi) | Without space or multiplication, GeoGebra interprets 8pi as a single expression and therefore puts pi into the denominator. |
Copy & Paste
Use brackets deliberately when copy & pasting expressions into the Input Bar. GeoGebra interprets pasted input as linear notation without syntax help. Here are some examples:
| Pasted Expression | Input |
| 2^(3/4) | \(2^{3/4}\) |
| 2^3/4 | \(\frac{2^3}{4}\) |
| sqrt 4^2+9 |
\(\sqrt{4^2}+9\) |
| sqrt(4^2+9) | \(\sqrt{4^2+9}\) |
| sin pi-1/8pi | \(\sin(\pi)-\frac{1}{8\pi}\) |
| sin(pi-1/8pi) | \(\sin(\pi - \frac{1}{8\pi})\) |
Special Characters
| Input | Character |
| Win: Alt + a / b / d / … Mac: Option + a / b / d / … |
Greek letters α, β, δ, … |
| e | Euler ℯ |
| i | Imaginary unit i |
| pi | Pi π |
| inf | Infinity ∞ |
Symbols
| Input | Character |
| ^ | Superscript, to the power of |
| _ | Subscript |
| / | Fraction |
| != | Not-equal-to ≠ |
| <= | Less-than-or-equal-to ≤ |
| >= | Greater-than-or-equal-to ≥ |
| == | Is-equal-to ≟ |
| && | Logical AND |
| || | Logical OR |
| ! | Logical NOT |
Functions
| Input | Function |
| sqrt(x) | Square-root (√) of x |
| nroot(x,n) | Nth Root of x |
| abs(x) | Absolute value of x |
| sin(x) | Sine of x |
| cos(x) | Cosine of x |
| tan(x) | Tangent of x |
| ln(x) | Natural logarithm of x |
| log(x) | Logarithm of x |
| log(b,x) | Logarithm with base b of x |
| floor(x) | Floor function of x |
| ceil(x) | Ceiling function of x |
Tools and Commands
In GeoGebra Math Apps, every Tool has a corresponding Command that creates the exact same object, providing flexibility in how you interact with the app. Essentially, Tools are visual representations of mathematical Commands.
To use Commands, simply start typing your desired action into the Input Bar. GeoGebra Commands are intuitive and typically named according to their mathematical function. Once you type three letters, the automatic syntax help will appear, guiding you to the correct Command and its parameters.
Note: The syntax help is not fully accessible yet, but improvements are underway. Meanwhile, you can find a comprehensive list of commands, including syntax help, in the GeoGebra Manual.
Try the following examples to get started with Commands:
| Type | Function |
| Roots(f) | Roots of function f |
| Extremum(f) | Extremum of function f |
| Derivative(f) | Derivative of function f (CAS Calculator) |
| Derivative(f,a,b) | Derivative of function f between a and b |
| Integral(f) | Integral of function f |
| Intersect(f,g) | Intersection point(s) of functions f and g |
| Line(A,B) | Line through points A and B |
Feedback
Accessibility is important to us! We know there's always room for improvement, and your feedback is important to us. Please contact us at accessibility@geogebra.org with any accessibility related questions or comments to help us provide the best possible experience for everyone. For any other questions please visit the GeoGebra Forum.