pgf/tikz dimension too large

Does it work if you delete the line with the error?

Okay what do you have to do in order to make this work in LaTeX:

• you have to substitute each occurrence of $$ with $ thats a GGb-error (GGb greates Math-Text-Nodes as base and includes the Math-Formated LaTeX by copy paste without thinking) (you found that issue already)
• in order to see all the created Tikz content you should change the first line \documentclass[10pt]{article} to \documentclass[tikz,border=10pt]{standalone} that creates a standalone tikz picture
• the next issue is in line 15 you have here a quite steep line and GGb sets the domain of drawing equal to the domain of the picture... well this leads to a verrrrrry large line in computation, solution: change the domain to domain=-5:5, this is also a GGb error as the visible domain of that function is much smaller and Tikz complains on all platforms if you do that
• i would recommend to scale the graphed picture and modify the font size, you can do that by modifying the \begin{tikzpicture} arguments : add ,font=\Huge,scale=0.50 there (you have to play here a bit with the font sizes and the scale factor as it might look bad on some combinations or you need some font size reserves) (or delete the \begin{scriptsize} and \end{scriptsize})
• lastly you have to modify the circles from line 28 onwards change the size to maybe 8pt
• bonus if you dont want that triangle filled you have to change the \fill in line 12 to \draw (modifying the width property might be also necessary)

\documentclass[tikz,border=10pt]{standalone}
\usepackage{pgfplots}
\pgfplotsset{compat=1.15}
\usepackage{mathrsfs}
\usetikzlibrary{arrows}
\pagestyle{empty}

\begin{document}

\definecolor{uuuuuu}{rgb}{0.26666666666666666,0.26666666666666666,0.26666666666666666}
\definecolor{rvwvcq}{rgb}{0.08235294117647059,0.396078431372549,0.7529411764705882}

\begin{tikzpicture}[line cap=round,line join=round,>=triangle 45,x=1.0cm,y=1.0cm,font=\large,scale=0.25]
\clip(-25,-28) rectangle (35,28);
\draw[line width=4pt,color=rvwvcq] (-9.117199479490878,-0.3187065436130529) -- (-1.7142620079664708,7.295743427097774) -- (21.33530932391174,0.5464830451503161) -- cycle;
\draw [line width=2pt] (-1.7142620079664708,7.295743427097774)-- (-9.117199479490878,-0.3187065436130529);
\draw [line width=2pt,domain=-42.34872238993235:54.70352340301226] plot(\x,{(-0.7029030273003228--0.33464028251330147*\x)/11.778500668015564});
\draw [line width=0.4pt,domain=-5:5] plot(\x,{(--17.749986564398217--11.778500668015564*\x)/-0.33464028251330147});
\draw [line width=2pt] (-9.117199479490878,-0.3187065436130529)-- (-1.5040722786402216,-0.10240914642221062);
\draw [line width=2pt,color=rvwvcq] (-9.117199479490878,-0.3187065436130529)-- (-1.7142620079664708,7.295743427097774);
\draw [line width=2pt,color=rvwvcq] (-1.7142620079664708,7.295743427097774)-- (21.33530932391174,0.5464830451503161);
\draw [line width=2pt,color=rvwvcq] (21.33530932391174,0.5464830451503161)-- (-9.117199479490878,-0.3187065436130529);
\draw [line width=0.4pt,domain=-42.34872238993235:54.70352340301226] plot(\x,{(--162.1051286676891-7.402937471524408*\x)/7.614449970710827});
\draw [line width=0.4pt,domain=-42.34872238993235:54.70352340301226] plot(\x,{(--207.99650630121292--23.049571331878212*\x)/6.749260381947458});
\draw [line width=0.4pt,domain=-42.34872238993235:54.70352340301226] plot(\x,{(--67.063094695441--7.614449970710827*\x)/7.402937471524408});
\draw [line width=0.4pt,domain=-42.34872238993235:54.70352340301226] plot(\x,{(-156.59375788732595--6.749260381947458*\x)/-23.049571331878212});
\draw [line width=2pt,domain=-42.34872238993235:54.70352340301226] plot(\x,{(--152.55391605679307--6.655344525314801*\x)/12.591693878653874});
\draw [line width=1.6pt] (6.337833868947355,-7.938558265025991) circle (17.231372436856493cm);
\draw [line width=2pt] (2.084337812900165,13.362556632162143) circle (4.490269410895694cm);
\draw [fill=black] (-1.7142620079664708,7.295743427097774) circle (8pt);
\draw[color=black] (-2.7713331834939128,8.431426910006454) node {$A$};
\draw [fill=black] (-9.117199479490878,-0.3187065436130529) circle (8pt);
\draw[color=black] (-10.059477116614278,0.9173199081665) node {$B$};
\draw [fill=black] (-1.5040722786402216,-0.10240914642221062) circle (8pt);
\draw[color=black] (-0.5572135076092448,-1.5873824257801514) node {$A_{1}$};
\draw [fill=black] (21.33530932391174,0.5464830451503161) circle (8pt);
\draw[color=black] (22.598788102684573,1.8449874392578525) node {$C$};
\draw [fill=black] (-2.1718199014403203,23.400636458687018) circle (8pt);
\draw[color=black] (-0.6494684941044393,23.645174419904635) node {$H$};
\draw [fill=black] (6.112654612540066,15.34628623676165) circle (8pt);
\draw[color=black] (6.269655493035147,17.70810222091998) node {$B_{1}$};
\draw [fill=black] (-6.4790392661138085,8.690941711446849) circle (8pt);
\draw[color=black] (-7.107317548768054,10.657828984625699) node {$C_{1}$};
\draw [fill=black] (-1.9430409547033956,15.348189942892397) circle (8pt);
\draw[color=black] (-3.601628061950663,15.667233652519002) node {$M$};
\draw [fill=uuuuuu] (-1.823807375352225,11.15146627445053) circle (8pt);
\draw[color=uuuuuu] (-3.601628061950663,11.492729762607917) node {$K$};
\draw [fill=black] (2.963614957956796,8.959218002825686) circle (8pt);
\draw[color=black] (3.594260884674507,10.379528725298293) node {$T$}; 
\end{tikzpicture}

\end{document}